0 Common Features of Particle Multiplicities in Heavy Ion Collisions

Results of a systematic study of fully integrated particle multi-plicities in central Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions at beam momenta of 1.7A GeV, 11.6A GeV (Au–Au) and 158A GeV (Pb–Pb) using a statistical-thermal model are presented. The close similarity of the colliding systems makes it possible to study heavy ion collisions under definite initial conditions over a range of centre-of-mass energies covering more than one order of magnitude. We conclude that a thermal model description of particle multiplicities, with additional strangeness suppression, is possible for each energy. The degree of chemical equilibrium of strange particles and the relative production of strange quarks with respect to u and d quarks are higher than in e + e − , pp and p¯ p collisions at comparable and even at lower energies. The average energy per hadron in the comoving frame is always close to 1 GeV per hadron despite the fact that the energy varies more than 10-fold.